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The main raw materials used to manufacture PVC come from oil and salt. What happens is that there is chlorine, which is the result of the electrolysis of the brine. It is then mixed with ethylene in oil to make a vinyl chloride monomer. The molecules from this result are then polymerized to form PVC resin. To make custom PVC compounds, certain additives are mixed in the formula. As a result of this mixing, the material acquires various physical properties.
The advantage of PVC compared to other commodity plastics is that it requires less non-renewable fossil fuels to manufacture. The reason is that there are two starting materials for PVC. Of this, 43% came from hydrocarbon feedstocks, while 57% of the molecular weight came from table salt. There are also cases in which PVC is manufactured without using oil raw materials. Therefore, PVC is less dependent on oil than other different thermoplastics. Not to mention it's energy efficient and extremely durable.
PVC manufacturing also has products and by-products such as caustic soda and chlorine. But that's not all - in order to use PVC to make different products, additives must also be included. Product performance may vary depending on additives. Fortunately, PVC is compatible with a variety of additives. That's why it's so versatile and popular.
Some functional additives that are often added to PVC include plasticizers, lubricants, and heat stabilizers. Optional additives are also sometimes considered. These can be nitrile rubber, impact modifiers, processing aids, fillers, colorants and pigments, and flame retardants.
