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The composite film can be used for a variety of purposes, usually a combination of protection and enhancement of appearance. The thickness of the coated film is usually between about 24 and 100 microns. There are a variety of cold, "heat
assisted" and hot adhesives for laminates to choose from. Cold adhesives are pressure sensitive and can be used in media that may be sensitive to heat, such as vehicle packaging vinyl.
The heat assist is run at about 60°C through at least one heating roller in the laminator. Used for general single-sided lamination of paper, cardboard, Dibond, etc. Generally, the pressure-sensitive laminating adhesive can also be used
with heat, which will soften it and help it adhere to uneven surfaces, thereby reducing the chance of silvering due to bubbles. When air passes through the laminate, the bubbles usually disappear in about 48 hours. The term "thermal"
strictly refers to a double-sided package operating at 130˚C. However, many people claim that any heated lamination process is hot.
Today, many laminates are made of a plastic called biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). BOPP is basically polypropylene stretched in two directions, which can improve strength, water resistance, and sometimes transparency. PVC
(vinyl) is also commonly used for transparent laminate films and white media commonly used for decals. It is commonly used on printed white vinyl for vehicle packaging-an extra layer of transparency provides extra durability and
resistance to the fading effects of UV rays on printed or colored media.
PVC film may be classified as a monomer or polymerized vinyl, referring to the type of plasticizer additive. The characteristics of the two are slightly different, the flexibility of the monomer is poor, and the outdoor life is shorter.
Another material sometimes used is polyester (or PET), which is usually used for encapsulation, where a thicker film (usually 75 to 250 microns) is used on both sides of the sheet to improve durability. If the transparent film is larger
than the item it covers, the edge is sealed and waterproof, so it is suitable for use on outdoor billboards and similar items. The edges can be trimmed to be flush with the enclosed item, but water may enter and layer the item. Some
films are designed to be durable outdoors, in which case UV resistance is important. Even if it is used indoors, properties such as scratch resistance may be required.
